The quasi-religious reverence in which many Americans hold the Constitution is problematic for many reasons, but especially for the reasons you cite.

Progressive jurisprudence has worked hard to interpret the Constitution for a different era, not always getting it right, but at least trying.

Conservative judges and justices push back hard, rarely feeling the need to justify why a document written in the late 18th century ought to be considered sacrosanct on its face. Some of them are originalists, some of them are textualists, all of them are problematic. And the outcomes, the decisions they pretend were never politically or ideologically motivated but do great damage to minorities anyway, are as predictable as they are suspect.